Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Modulates RhoA/ROCK Signaling of Rat Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Rescue Their Damaged Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Biological Function Induced by Radiation

Figure 5

LIPUS initiated the recovery of cell viability and osteogenic differentiation capacity after radiation exposure via a RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. In (a), CCK-8 activity at day 3 was analyzed. The optical density was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader. In (b), group division was conducted as previously described. To assess the osteogenic differentiation activity, ALP activity was measured and scored. Absorbance was read at a wavelength of 450 nm. At the end of the experiment, the ALP levels were normalized to the total protein content. In (c), the osteogenic gene (Runx2, ALP, and OCN) expression of M-BMMSCs after incubation with osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 d was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In (d) and (e), the mineral formation of M-BMMSCs under osteogenic differentiation medium for 28 d was detected by alizarin red staining. Staining semiquantification was done by dissolving with leaching solution. All of the data represented the from three separate experiments. Each sample was repeated in triplicate. .

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