The Impact of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Primary Stem Cells: A Systematic Review

Figure 2

Interference of AGEs in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Via the extrinsic as well as intrinsic pathways, AGEs lead to an increase in apoptosis. AGEs release the blockage of PPARγ on the caspase cascade. In addition, AGEs reduce the expression of miRNA-27 and Akt, increase the expression of BAX protein whereas the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 is inhibited, all resulting in an increase in apoptosis.