The Fabrication and Evaluation of a Potential Biomaterial Produced with Stem Cell Sheet Technology for Future Regenerative Medicine

Figure 5

In vivo evaluation of immune rejection and inflammatory response to ECM scaffolds. (a) H&E staining showing host response to decellularized ADSC sheets and xenogenic SIS at 1 week and 3 weeks after implantation. The decellularized ADSC sheets induced much less inflammation than xenogenic SIS during 3 weeks and showed less mononuclear cells and neutrophil granulocyte infiltrating. The black box represents a high magnification photograph (400x) to appreciate the cellularity of implants. Scale bars are of 100 μm. (b) The percentage of CD68+ cells in SIS transplantation was significantly higher than that of the decellularized ADSC sheet transplantation at 1 week and 3 weeks after implantation. The number of inflammatory CD68+ cells in both groups decreased over time, but inflammatory CD68+ cell retrogression is more obvious in the decellularized ADSC sheet transplantation. The black box represents a high magnification photograph of CD68+ cells. Scale bars are of 100 μm. (c) The mRNA expression of multiple cytokines related to immunity and inflammation after 1 week in vivo transplantation; IL-2 comparison of SIS vs. DAS (); IFN-γ comparison of SIS vs. DAS (); IL-4 comparison of SIS vs. DAS (); IL-10 comparison of SIS vs. DAS (). (d) The mRNA expression of multiple cytokines related to immunity and inflammation after 3 weeks in vivo transplantation; IL-2 comparison of SIS vs. DAS (); IFN-γ comparison of SIS vs. DAS (); IL-4 comparison of SIS vs. DAS (); IL-10 comparison of SIS vs. DAS (). DAS = decellularized ADSC sheets; SIS = small intestinal submucosa; NST = normal subcutaneous tissue. The dog GAPDH was chosen as the reference gene for quantitative real-time PCR.

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