Stem Cells International

Review Article

The Opportunities and Challenges regarding Induced Platelets from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Table 1

Summary of current approaches from human PSCs to iPlatelets.


Cell source	Feeder cells	Multiple stages	Intervention factors	Specific markers	Production	Year

hESCs	OP9	MK	TPO	Not reported	Hardly	2006 [39]
hESCs	C3H10T1/2, OP9	HPC, MK	VEGF, TPO, SCF, heparin	CD41a⁺CD42b⁺	platelets/hESC	2008 [35]
hESCs	According to stage	Hemangioblasts/blast, MK	BMP4, VEGF, SCF, TPO	CD41a⁺CD42b⁺	platelets/MK	2011 [40]
hESCs	/	HPC, MK	BMP4, SCF, VEGF, FGF2	CD41a⁺CD42b⁺	Not provided	2013 [41]
hPSCs	C3H10T1/2	HPC, MK	HUVECs (2D bioreactor)	CD41a⁺ or CD42b⁺	Higher than static condition	2013 [42]
hiPSCs	/	HPC, HEC, MKP, MK	Multiple cytokines	CD41a⁺CD42b⁺	About 30 platelets/MK	2014 [38]
hPSCs	C3H10T1/2, OP9	HPC	TAL1, GATA2	Not reported	Not provided	2014 [43]
hiPSCs	C3H10T1/2	imMKCLs	BMI1, BCL-XL, c-MYC	CD41a⁺CD42b⁺	250 MKs/imMKCL	2014 [44]
hPSCs	/	HPC, MK	GATA1, FLI1, TAL1	CD41a⁺/CD42b⁺	About 7 platelets/MK	2016 [45]
hPSCs	/	MK	Shear stress (3D bioreactor)	β1-Tubulin1⁺Hoechst^-CD41⁺CD42b⁺	~42 platelets/MK, ~350 platelets/h	2014 [46] 2016 [47]
hiPSCs	/	HG/CD42b⁺MK	SCF, TPO, IL-9, IL-6	FV⁺CD42b⁺	Not provided	2017 [48]
hiPSCs	C3H10T1/2	imMKCLs	Turbulent flow, shear stress	CD41⁺CD42b⁺	~70–80 platelets/MK	2018 [49]
hiPSCs	C3H10T1/2, OP9	HSC, HPC, MK	B2M KO	CD41⁺CD42b⁺	Not provided	2020 [50]

hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; hPSCs: human pluripotent stem cells; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; MK: megakaryocyte; HPC: hematopoietic progenitor cell; HEC: hematopoietic endothelial cell; MKP: megakaryocyte progenitor; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; imMKCL: immortalized megakaryocyte progenitor cell line; TPO: thrombopoietin; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; BMP4: bone morphogenetic protein 4.