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Reference | Animal | Age and weight | Group size | Location | Range | Endpoint |
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Beck et al. [11] | Female sheep | 5-7 years, kg | 36: 3 experimental groups of 12 sheep each | Medial femoral condyle | Full-thickness Diameter: 8 mm | 13 and 26 weeks |
Seedhom et al. [12] | Female sheep | 2 years, 50-85 kg | 13: 3 months, 7; 6 months, 6 | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 7 mm | 8 weeks 3 and 6 months |
Erggelet et al. [13] | Female sheep | 3 years | 8: 2 experimental groups of 4 sheep each | Load-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Full-thickness cartilage defect of mm2 | 14 days () and 3 months () |
Erggelet et al. [14] | Female sheep | 3 years | 8: 2 experimental groups of 4 sheep each | Load-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Full-thickness cartilage defect of mm2 | 6 months |
Getgood et al. [16] | Male goats | Skeletally mature, 50-79 kg | 21: 12, collagen-GAG-CaP; 6, PLGA-CaS; 3, empty | (1) Medial femoral condyle (2) Lateral trochlear sulcus | Diameter: 5.8 mm Depth: 6 mm | 12 and 26 weeks |
Kon et al. [17] | Goats | Skeletally mature, kg | 14 defects 7: drilled channels in the cartilage phase 8: drilled channels in the bone phase 8: unmodified coral cylinders 4: empty control | Medial and lateral femoral condyles | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 8 mm | 6 months |
Filardo et al. [18] | Sheep | Adult, kg | 6: 2 control, 4 experimental | Medial and lateral condyle | Diameter: 7 mm Depth: 5 mm | 6 months |
Mohan et al. [23] | Female sheep | >3.5 years, 82.4 kg | 18: 6, implants; 3, implants+TGF-β; 3, implants+IGF-1; 6, microfracture | Medial and lateral femoral condyles | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 6 mm | 52 weeks |
Guo et al. [91] | Sheep: male or female | 12 months, kg | 28: 16 scaffold +cells; 8 scaffold only; 4 control group | Weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 8 mm Depth: 4 mm | 12 and 24 weeks |
Dorotka et al. [92] | Sheep: male or female | 3-5 years, 78 kg | 27: 3 experimental groups of 7 sheep each, 1 group 6 sheep | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 4.5 mm Depth: to the tidemark bone | 4 and 12 months |
Lind et al. [93] | Goats | Adult | 20: 4 experimental groups of 5 goats each | Medial femoral condyle | Full-thickness cartilage defect Diameter: 6 mm | 4 months |
Lind and Larsen [94] | Goats | Adult | 8: 2 experimental groups of 4 goats each | Weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 5 mm Depth: to the subchondral bone | 4 months |
Gille et al. [95] | Female sheep | 12 and 18 months, kg | 30: 5 experimental groups of 6 sheep each | Medial femoral condyle and lateral distal facet of the trochlea | Diameter: 7 mm Calcified cartilage removed without damaging the subchondral bone | 12 months |
Hao et al. [96] | Sheep: male or female | 12 months, 20-25 kg | 24: 12 scaffold+cells, 2 control groups of 6 sheep each | Nonweight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 8 mm Depth: 3 mm | 12 and then 24 weeks |
Leng et al. [97] | Male goats | 1.5-2 years, 18-25 kg | 56: 4 experimental groups of 14 goats each | Weight-bearing region of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 5 mm | 16 weeks |
Bernstein et al. [98] | Female sheep | 2-4 years, kg | 28: 4 time points with 7 sheep each | Load-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 7 mm Depth: 25 mm | 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks |
Schleicher et al. [99] | Female Merino sheep | 3 years, kg | 12: 6, 6 weeks; 3, 3 months; 3, 6 months | Weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 9.5 mm Depth: 11 mm | 6 weeks 3 months 6 months |
Pei et al. [100] | Goats | | 12: 3 experimental groups of 4 goats each | Weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 12 mm | 12 weeks 24 weeks |
Hoppe et al. [101] | Sheep | 3-5 years | 24: 4 experimental groups of 6 sheep each | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 8 mm | 26 weeks |
Zorzi et al. [63] | Female sheep | 3-5 years, kg | 15: 3 experimental groups of 5 sheep each | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm | 6 months |
Manunta et al. [102] | Female sheep | 5.5 years, 45 kg | 22: 1, 2, 6, and 12 months (4 for each) 24 months (6) | Medial femoral condyles | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 2 mm | 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 months |
Zhang et al. [103] | Goats | >12 months, kg | defects 2 groups 2 time points each | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 8 mm | 12 and then 24 weeks |
Di Bella et al. [104] | Male sheep | 2-3 years, 69 kg | 6: each sheep received four treatments | Weight-bearing surface of the lateral and medial condyles | Full-thickness chondral defect Diameter: 8 mm | 8 weeks |
Zhang et al. [105] | Male goats | Mature, kg | 6: 2 experimental groups of 3 goats each | Lateral and medial femoral condyles | Diameter: 6.5 mm Depth: 1 mm | 9 months |
Bornes et al. [64] | Female sheep | years, kg | 5 defects 2 experimental groups of 8 defects each 2 control groups of 2 defects each | Weight-bearing surface of the lateral and medial condyles | Diameter: 6. 95 mm | 6 months |
Jia et al. [106] | Goats | 2-3 years, kg | 24 defects 18: MLS 18: BLS 12: control | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 8 mm | 12, 24, and 48 weeks |
Zhai et al. [75] | Goats | 10 months, 20-25 kg | 80: 4 experimental groups of 20 sheep each | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm Depth: 9 mm | 6 months |
Kon et al. [26] | Female sheep | Adult, kg | 12: 3 experimental groups of 4 sheep each | Weight-bearing area of lateral and medial condyles | Diameter: 7 mm Depth: 9 mm | 6 months |
Getgood et al. [27] | Sheep | 4.3 years | 24: 4 experimental groups of 6 sheep each | (1) Medial femoral condyle (2) Lateral trochlear sulcus | Diameter: 5.8 mm Depth: 6 mm | 26 weeks |
Ivkovic et al. [107] | Female sheep | 1-3 years | 28: 10: TGF-β1 group 6: GFP group 6: BMC group 6: negative control group | Weight-bearing surface of the medial condyle | Partial-thickness chondral defect Diameter: 6.2 mm | 6 months |
Marmotti et al. [108] | Female goats | Adult | 15: 3 experimental groups of 5 goats each | Central trochlear area | Diameter: 7 mm Depth: 3.5 mm | 1, 3, 6, and 12 months |
Schlichting et al. [60] | Male sheep | 2-3 years, kg | 24: 2 groups (3 and 6 months, each) | Lateral and medial femoral condyles | Diameter: 7.3 mm Depth: 10 mm | 3 and 6 months |
Kon et al. [109] | Female goats | Mature female nonpregnant and nonlactating, 60 kg | 8: with no control group | Medial femoral condyle | 19 mm in length, 8 mm in width, 8 mm in height | 12 months |
Giretova et al. [110] | Sheep | 2 years, 45-50 kg | 6: with no control group | Medial femoral condyle | Diameter: 6 mm | 6 months |
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