|
| Study | Model | Cell type | Route | Efficacy results |
|
| Li et al., 2020 [47] | Mice | UC-MSCs | IV | Albuminuria, glomerulus injury, and fibrosis were alleviated in DN mouse models after repeated injection with mUC-MSCs |
| Lang and Dai, 2016 [62] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | BM-MSCs significantly suppressed renal fibrosis by reducing PAI-1 protein and decreasing ECM accumulation in rats with DN |
| Liu et al., 2020 [81] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | MSCs modified with ACE2 can inhibit renal RAS activation and reduce glomerular fibrosis |
| Zhang et al., 2020 [57] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | MSCs possessed the protective effect on the kidney of DN rats, which may be related to CD8(+) T cell immunosuppression mediated by CD103(+) DCs |
| Yuan et al., 2020 [55] | Mice | BM-MSCs | IV | MSCs suppressed inflammatory response and ameliorated renal injuries in DN mice via TFEB-dependent M1/M2 macrophage (Mφ) switch |
| Chen et al., 2020 [71] | Rats | UC-MSCs | IV | UC-MSCs inhibited 24-hour urinary total protein, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, attenuated pathological abnormalities and reduced the apoptosis of renal cells in DN rats |
| Takemura et al., 2020 [73] | Rats | AD-MSCs | Under renal capsule | AD-MSC sheet engraftment directly into the kidney improved transplantation efficiency and inhibited renal injury progression |
| Lee et al., 2019 [58] | Mice | UC-MSCs | IV | MSCs prevented the progression of DN by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in TECs via the induction of arginase-1 in macrophages |
| Konari et al., 2019 [59] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | BM-MSCs transferred their mitochondria to damaged proximal tubular epithelial cells and also have shown a potentially therapeutic effect on DN |
| Ebrahim et al., 2018 [53] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | MSC-derived exosomes could exhibit the potential nephroprotective effects of a DN model by upregulating autophagy associated with suppression of mTOR pathway |
| Lv et al., 2014 [90] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | MSC injection attenuated glomerular injury in streptozotocin-induced DN model via inhibiting oxidative stress |
| Rashed et al., 2018 [78] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | BM-MSCs pretreated with melatonin enhanced its proliferation and efficiency, and ameliorated kidney functions in a rat model with DN |
| Wu et al., 2014 [75] | Rats | BM-MSCs | IV | Destruction of ultrasound-targeted SDF-1-loaded microbubbles could promote MSCs homing to early DN kidneys |
| An et al., 2019 [69] | Rhesus macaque | BM-MSCs | IV | MSCs could ameliorate a rhesus macaque model of DN by influencing SGLT2 expression, glycemic control, and anti-inflammation |
| Pan et al., 2014 [68] | Tree shrews | BM-MSCs | IV | MSC transplantation could home to injured kidneys and pancreas, and reduced 24 h proteinuria and improved insulin resistance of a tree shrew model with DN |
| Rao et al., 2019 [61] | Rats | SHED | IV | SHED attenuated DN by inhibiting advanced glycation end product-activated EMT |
| Ni et al., 2015 [72] | Rats | AD-MSCs | IV | AD-MSC engraftment might alleviate renal injury in DN by activating klotho and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway |
| Wang et al., 2013 [65] | Rats | BM-MSCs | Intra-arterial injection | MSCs attenuated podocyte injury and albuminuria in a type 1 DN rat model by mediating in part the increase of BMP-7 secretion |
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