|
| Authors | Cell+scaffold type | Design condition | Loading parameters | Results |
|
| Kean et al. [37] | Human chondrocytes+porcine devitalized synoviocyte matrix scaffold | LOT | 5% | Promote chondrogenesis |
| Shearier et al. [38] | hMSCs spheroids+scaffold-free | LOT | 2%
4 days | Maintain stemness
Upregulate the synthesis of ECM components and growth factors |
| Shi et al. [39] | Rat ASCs and chondrocytes+scaffold-free | LOT | 2%
3 days | Promote chondrogenic differentiation
Enhance proliferation |
| Yasui et al. [40] | Human synovial MSCs+scaffold-free | LOT | 5%
200 days | Prevent senescence
Promote chondrogenic differentiation
Enhance proliferation |
| Hwang et al. [41] | Human ADSCs+scaffold-free | LOT | 1%
2 days | Increase migration
Promote chondrogenic differentiation
Decrease osteogenic differentiation |
| Cheng et al. [53] | Rabbit BMSCs+PRF membrane scaffold | HP | 0.12 MPa
1 h
4 days | Promote proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation |
| Shahmoradi et al. [54] | hBMSCs+human demineralized bone matrix scaffold | Cyclic HP | 5 MPa
0.5 Hz
4 h
7 days | Improve chondrogenic differentiation |
| Hodder et al. [52] | 3D cultured chondrocytes+scaffold-free | Static HP | ≤5-10 MPa
≥14 days | Improve generation of cartilage |
| Nazempour et al. [59] | Bovine chondrocytes+agarose scaffold | Oscillating HP
Fluid shear | 0.02 Pa, 21 days for shear
0.5 Hz, 4 MPa, 4 h/day, 15 days for OHP | Protect cartilage
Enhance extracellular matrix synthesis |
| Theodoropoulos et al. [60] | Bovine chondrocytes+cylinders of CPP scaffold | Tissue shear | 90 rpm
28 days | Alter expression of integrin |
| Grad et al. [61] | Bovine chondrocytes+polyurethane scaffold | Tissue shear | 1 Hz
1 h
21 days | Regenerate and maintain functional joint surface
Support mechanical capability |
| Jonnalagadda et al. [62] | Human articular chondrocytes+scaffold-free | Oscillating shear | 1-50 Hz
21 days | Promote hyaline cartilage formation |
| DiFederico et al. [71] | Bovine chondrocytes+agarose
Scaffold | Dynamic compression | 15% strain
1 Hz
2 days | Upregulate the synthesis of ECM components |
| Guo et al. [72] | hMSCs encapsulated alginate hydrogel beads+scaffold-free | Dynamic compression | 0.5 Hz
0-6813 Pa
21 days | Upregulate the synthesis of ECM components
Promote proliferation |
| Wang et al. [73] | rBMSCs+CS/SF/n-HA scaffold | Periodic dynamic compression | 10% strain
0.5 Hz
2 h action + 4 h pause/cycle, 4 cycles/day
14 days | Increase compression modulus |
| Gamez et al. [75] | pBM-MSCs+alginate scaffold | Periodic dynamic compression | 10% strain
0.3 Hz
180 cycle (10 mins) action + 10 s pause
1 day | Induce migration |
| Chong et al. [77] | Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes+agarose scaffold | Uniaxial dynamic compression | 20% strain
1 Hz
Sinusoidal waveform
8 days | Enhance biosynthetic activity of osteoarthritic chondrocytes |
| Ciombor et al. [80] | Chondrocytes+scaffold-free | PEMFs | Low-frequency EMF | Enhance the chondrogenic differentiation |
| Wilmot et al. [81] | The cartilage layer of rat joints+scaffold-free | PEMFs | 75 Hz
PEMF | Negative effect on the culture of cartilage tissue |
| Štolfa et al. [82] | Human cartilage tissue+scaffold-free | SMF | 0.6 T
SMF | Increase metabolic activity |
| Hsieh et al. [83] | Human chondrocyte+scaffold-free | SMF | 3 T
SMF | Reduce cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis |
| Zhang et al. [88] | Chondrocytes+scaffold-free | LIUS | 1.5 MHz | Increase the expression of collagen II and inhibit the development of chondrocyte hypertrophy |
| Hasanova et al. [89] | Bovine chondrocytes+chitosan
Scaffold | LIUS | 5.0 MHz | Modulate the proliferation and expression of specific genes |
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