Review Article
Application of Stem Cell Therapy for ACL Graft Regeneration
Table 2
The advantages and disadvantages of commonly utilized stem cell types in ACL graft regeneration.
| Formulation | Msc content | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| BMSCs | 0.01-0.001% [142] | Great proliferation Low cost Low immunoreaction Easy to obtain | Low content Donor pain and infection Less homogeneous | ADSCs | ~1% [143] | Abundant resource More homogeneous Factor secretion Less immunogenic than BMSCs | Enzymatic processing Low ligament differentiative potential [53] | TDSCs/LDSCs | 3-4% [56] | Same derived resource Better epigenetic regulation [144] Cell-line maintainment [145] | Slow growth Low content | ESC | ā | Indefinite self-renewal [146] Totipotency | Ethic issue Tumorigenicity [147] Immunogenicity [148] |
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BMSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; ADSCs: adipose tissue-derived stem cells; TDSCs/LDSCs: tendon/ligament stem/progenitor cells; ESCs: embryonic stem cells.
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