Exosomes: Emerging Therapy Delivery Tools and Biomarkers for Kidney Diseases

Table 3

Engineered exosomes in kidney injury repair.

Sources of exosomes	Methods	Models	Outcome	Ref.
BMMSCs	Incubate with melatonin	I/R-induced AKI	Anti-inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation; Promote angiogenesis	[126]
	Transfect miR-let-7c lentiviral	UUO	Inhibit TGF-β1; Antifibrosis	[144]
	Electroporate miR-10a, miR-127, and miR-486	Glycerol-induced AKI	Promote regeneration	[155]
ADMSCs	Incubate with melatonin	Hind limb ischemia model with CKD	Antisenescence; Preserve mitochondrial function; Promote angiogenesis	[162]
hP-MSCs	Modify with RGD hydrogels	I/R-induced AKI	Antiapoptosis; Promote autophagy	[163]
	Modify with collagen matrix	I/R-induced AKI	Inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress; Antiapoptosis and fibrosis; Promote angiogenesis	[164]
EL-4 cells	Incubate with curcumin	LPS-induced AKI	Anti-inflammation	[160]
RAW 264.7 cells	Transfect IL-10 plasmid	I/R-induced AKI	Inhibit mTOR pathway; Promote M2 macrophage polarization; Anti-inflammation	[154]
RAW 264.7 cells	Incubate with dexamethasone	LPS-induced AKI; Adriamycin-induced nephropathy	Anti-inflammation; Antifibrosis; Increase dexamethasone sensitivity	[161]
NRK-52E cells	Transfect ATF3 plasmid	I/R-induced AKI	Inhibit MCP-1; Anti-inflammation	[150]