NAT10 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Mediating N4-Acetylcytidine Modification of Gremlin 1

Figure 3

NAT10 regulated the activation of the Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway and the expression of Gremlin 1 through ac⁴C modification. (a) The phosphorylation levels of Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway components were decreased in the Sh-NAT10 group but increased in the Over-NAT10 group. The activation levels of β-Catenin, Akt, Smad2/3, FGF/ERK, Noggin, and Hedgehog signaling pathway components remained stable in the different groups. (b) The mRNA level of Gremlin 1 was increased in the Sh-NAT10 group but decreased in the Over-NAT10 group. The mRNA levels of BMP2, Noggin, BMP4, BMP7, BMP9, Dand5, Follistatin, and Chordin remained stable in the different groups. (c) The protein level of Gremlin 1 was increased in the Sh-NAT10 group but decreased in the Over-NAT10 group. (d) The ac⁴C level in Gremlin 1 mRNA increased gradually from day 0 to day 14 of MSC osteogenesis. (e) The ac⁴C level in Gremlin 1 was lower in the Sh-NAT10 group and higher in the Over-NAT10 group than in the NC group. (f) The degradation rate of Gremlin 1 mRNA was slower in the Sh-NAT10 group than in the NC group. (g) The degradation rate of Gremlin 1 mRNA was higher in the Over-NAT10 group than in the NC group. indicates . All experiments were repeated three times.

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