Primary Cilia as a Biomarker in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Senescence: Influencing Osteoblastic Differentiation Potency Associated with Hedgehog Signaling Regulation

Figure 3

Expansion caused reductions in the number and length of primary cilia and Arl13b staining intensity on cilia in MSCs. Serum starvation was performed before primary cilia staining. P0 and P4 MSCs cultured on coverslips were analyzed by capturing confocal images of primary cilia. (a) Representative confocal microscopy maximum intensity projection images of MSCs labeled with acetylated α-tubulin (red) and DAPI (blue). The number of cilia (b) and cilia length (c) was determined. (d) Representative maximum intensity projection images of primary cilia immunofluorescence labeled with acetylated-α-tubulin (red) and Arl13b (green). The changes in the cilia area (e) and Arl13b staining intensity on cilia (f) are shown. The Mann–Whitney test. versus the corresponding P0 MSCs.

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