Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Development and Targeted Therapy

Table 1

Effects and mechanisms of MSC-EXs on breast cancer.

Source	Effect	Mechanism	Model	Ref
ADSC	Stimulating metastasis of BCC	Type 2 diabetes mellitus altered the functions of MSC-EVs	In vivo	[39]
ADSC	Reduced tumor cell proliferation and migration and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis	CD90 expression in different concentrations (CD90^high ADSCs and CD90^low ADSCs) on ADSC-EVs affected the antitumor activity	In vitro	[40]
BM-MSC	Suppressed the growth of triple-negative breast cancer	By secreting miR-106a-5p	In vivo	[41]
hUC-MSC	Promoted the invasion and migration potential of breast cancer cells	By activating the Akt pathway to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition	In vitro	[36]
hMSC or mMSC	Promoted the progression of breast cancer	By inducing monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells to differentiate into highly immunosuppressed M2 polarized macrophages	In vivo	[42]

MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; EV: extracellular vesicle; ADSC: adipose-derived MSC; BCC: breast cancer cell; MSC-EV: MSC-derived EV; ADSC-EV: ADSC-derived EV; BM-MSC: bone marrow MSC; hUC-MSC: human umbilical cord MSC; hMSC: human MSC; mMSC: mouse MSC.