Chidamide Suppresses the Growth of Cholangiocarcinoma by Inhibiting HDAC3 and Promoting FOXO1 Acetylation

Figure 2

CDM suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells while stimulating their apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting HDAC3. (a) Proliferation of QBC939 and SNU308 cells treated with CDM at varied concentrations measured by CCK-8. (b) Colony formation of QBC939 and SNU308 cells treated with CDM-H or combined with oe-HDAC3 measured by colony formation assay. (c) Migration of QBC939 and SNU308 cells treated with CDM-H or combined with oe-HDAC3. (d) Invasion of QBC939 and SNU308 cells treated with CDM-H or combined with oe-HDAC3. (e) Flow cytometric analysis of the apoptosis of QBC939 and SNU308 cells treated with CDM-H or combined with oe-HDAC3. (f) Western blotting of autophagy-related proteins LC-3, ULK1, and Beclin-1 in cancer tissues () and normal bile duct tissues (). (g) Western blotting of autophagy-related proteins LC-3, ULK1, and Beclin-1 in QBC939 and SNU308 cells treated with CDM-H or combined with oe-HDAC3 or CQ. Data were shown as the . One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used for multigroup data comparison. The cell experiment was repeated three times. and , compared with control cells or normal bile duct tissues. ^#, compared with CDM-H-treated cells.

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