Epigenetic Regulation of Methylation in Determining the Fate of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Table 1

Methylation and demethylation in PDLSCs.

Methylated modification	Epigenetic modifiers	Epigenetic marks	Functions
DNA methylation	RG108	DNMT inhibitor	The hypomethylation of RUNX2 promoted osteogenic potential [116].
	5-Aza	DNMT inhibitor	Down-regulating expression of DNMT1, stimulating osteogenic differentiation [108, 113, 115, 117, 118].
	SAM	Methyl-donor	Rescuing the cell viability and increasing the methylation of TNFR-1 [118].
DNA demethylation	TET1/2	DNA demethylases	Enhancing differentiation while inhibiting immune regulation [119–122, 129].
Histone methylation	EZH2	H3K27me3	Inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation [110, 123, 124, 129].
	SETD1B	H3K4me3	Downregulating the release of inflammatory factors from PDLSCs stimulated by LPS [125].
	SETD2	H3k36me3	Promoting the osteogenic differentiation [126].
Histone demethylation	KDM6A	H3K27me3, H3K4me3	Enhancing the osteogenic differentiation [22, 127].
	EPZ-6438	EZH2 inhibitor	Rescuing the chondrogenic potential of PDLSCs by decreased H3K27me3 [22].
	KDM6B	H3K27	Enhancing periodontitis inflammatory response and apoptosis [124, 128].
		H3K4me3	Promoting potential of proliferation, chemotaxis and migration [109].