MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Mitophagy to Alleviate Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the miR-223-3p/NLRP3 Axis

<div>BMSC-derived EVs suppressed apoptosis and inflammasome activation and promoted mitophagy in H/R-induced TCMK-1 cells. TCMK-1 cells were subjected to H/R stimulation and exosome treatment. (a) The H/R-induced cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. (b and e) The protein levels of BAX, cleaved caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were confirmed using the western blot analysis. (c) Expressions of the mitophagy markers were detected using the western blot analysis. (d) Mitophagosome formation was assessed based on the colocalization of the autophagy marker GFP-LC3B and the mitochondria marker Mito Tracker (DsRed-Mito). (e) The levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were determined using qPCR. (f) The expressions of NLRP3, ASC1, and cleaved caspase 1 were evaluated using the western blot analysis. <span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.8423pt" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 32.2343 8.8423" width="32.2343pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,14.542,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.805,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 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Stem Cells International

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Mitophagy to Alleviate Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the miR-223-3p/NLRP3 Axis 