E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Skeletal Pathology and Degeneration

Figure 1

The E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of key factors from BMP/TGF-β pathway, NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, and other pathways, thereby regulating osteogenic differentiation. Notably, these pathways interconnected with each other and formed a complex regulatory network.