|
Broad group of ligase | Name | Function | References |
|
HECT | SMURF1 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [15–23, 25, 26, 28–33] |
HECT | SMURF2 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation; enhances osteoclast differentiation; inhibits angiogenesis; stimulates endochondral ossification | [34–39] |
HECT | Nedd4-1 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [62–64] |
HECT | Nedd4-2 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [65] |
HECT | WWP1 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [35, 66–68] |
HECT | WWP2 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [69–71] |
HECT | Itch | Inhibits or enhances osteogenic differentiation; inhibits osteoclastogenesis | [84–87] |
RING | APC/CCDH1 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [42] |
RING | APC/CCDC20 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [41] |
RING | TRAF4 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [43] |
RING | TRAF6 | Enhances osteoclast differentiation | [44–46] |
RING | TRIM21 | Inhibits osteogenic differentiation | [51] |
RING | TRIM33 | Protects osteoblasts against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in osteoporosis | [52, 53] |
RING | TRIM38 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation; inhibits osteoclastogenesis | [54] |
RING | RNF40 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [56, 57] |
RING | RNF146 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation; inhibits osteoclastogenesis | [58–60] |
RING | RNF185 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [61] |
RING | Mdm2 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [76, 77] |
RING | Cbl-b and c-Cbl | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization; enhances osteogenic differentiation | [6, 91–95] |
RING | LNX2 | Enhances osteoclast differentiation | [99] |
RING | Arkadia | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [105] |
B-box | TRIM16 | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [49, 50] |
F-box | SCFSkp2 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [80] |
F-box | FBL12 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [96, 97] |
U-box | CHIP | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and mineralization; inhibits osteoclastogenesis | [88, 89] |
RBR | Parkin | Enhances osteogenic differentiation | [102, 103] |
|