Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Biological Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

<div>Schematic diagram of signaling pathways that can be activated by LIPUS in bone-derived cells for regulating cell biology functions and implant osseointegration, which include integrin and focal adhesion pathway, MAPK pathway, SHH pathway, BMP/Smad pathway, SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling, and COX-2/PGE2 signaling.</div>

Stem Cells International

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Figure 3: Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Biological Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells 

Figure 3 | Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Biological Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells 