Tailored Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Tool for Tissue Regeneration

Figure 3

Approaches for loading therapeutic cargos into EVs. (a) Cargo encapsulated hybrid nanovesicles are generated via fusing EVs with therapeutic agents containing liposome. (b) EV mimetic packaging a large number of bioactive molecules is formulated by extrusion. (c) Therapeutic cargos primarily including drugs and nucleic acids are packaged into EVs through indirectly cellular transfection and incubation. (d) Therapeutic cargoes including nucleic acids, drugs, proteins, therapeutic peptides, and antibody are transferred into EVs by permeabilization, Exo-Fect, sonication, freeze/thaw and electroporation, CD9-HuR, EXPLOR, fuse therapeutic with EV membrane protein, and therapeutic peptide and antibody also can be linked to EV by anchor peptides.