Tailored Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Tool for Tissue Regeneration

Table 9

Modified EVs in the therapy of skin wound.

Diseases	EV Sources	Specific substrates	Modification methods	Modified EV	Biological effects	Ref.
Pathological scar	BMSC	TSG-6	Cell transfection	TSG-6-EV	Further ameliorated pathological scar	[197]
DFU	ADSC	Nrf2	Cell transfection	Nrf2-EV	Enhance wound healing	[198]
DFU	ADSC	miR-21-5p	Electroporation	miR-21-5p-EV	Accelerate diabetic wound healing	[199]
DFU	SMSC	miR-126-3p; CS hydrogel	Cell transfection; biomaterials	CS-SMC-126- EV	Angiogenesis	[215]
DFU	ADSC	FHE hydrogel	Biomaterials	EV	Sustained release of EV; facilitate wound healing	[216]
DFU	Platelet-rich plasma	ZWP, chitosan/silk hydrogel	Biomaterials	PRP-ZWP/EV	Accelerate wound healing	[207]
DFU	ADSC	OxOBand dressing	Biomaterials	PUAO-CPO-EV	Less oxidative stress; anti-infection	[209]
DFU	ADSC	FEP hydrogel	Biomaterials	FEP-EV	PH-responsive EV release; fasten wound healing	[206]
Full-thickness skin defects	MEL-5 cell	PD-L1; PF-127 hydrogel	Cell transfection Biomaterials	PF-127-PD-L1-EV	Fasten reepithelialization	[217]
Full-thickness skin defects	ADSC	Alginate-based hydrogel	Biomaterials	Alg-EV	Improve wound closure	[218]
Full-thickness skin defects	HUVEC	GelMA hydrogel	Biomaterials	GelMA-EV	Accelerate wound healing	[208]
Full-thickness skin defects	HucMSC	Silver nanoparticle; CTS-SF/SA	Metal nanoparticle; biomaterials	CTS-SF/SA/Ag-EV	Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; accelerate wound healing	[184]
Photoaging	HucMSC	Marine sponge Haliclona sp	Biomaterials	SHS-EV	Increased the skin absorption of Exo; significant antiphotoaging effects	[211]
Burn injury	ADSC	Fe3O4 nanoparticles	Incubate magnetic particles with parent cells	Fe3O4-EV	Enhanced wound healing in a magnetic targeting way	[214]