The Role of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Progression

Figure 1

CSC-Exos are involved in cancer cell proliferation. Exosomes secreted from p53-mutated lung cancer cells promote cancer cells proliferation by mediating the RCP/DGKα receptor cycling pathway. The production of cancer stem cell-derived exosomes (CSC-Exos) induced by mutated TP53, and these CSC-Exos can regulate the expression levels of podocalyxin and promote cancer cell growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-21 promote the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting the expression of PTENp1 and PTEN. Exosomes derived from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells carry miR-25 to reduce the expression of the PTEN, PDCD4, and RECK in NSCLC cells, leading to the growth of cancer cells. Medulloblastoma-derived exosomal miRNAs such as miR-181a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and let-7b-5p promote the proliferation of cancer cells via the Ras/MAPK pathway. Medulloblastoma (MB) cell-derived exosomal miRNAs such as miR-181a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and let-7b-5p promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells via the Ras/MAPK pathway. Icotinib-resistant human NSCLC (HCC827) cells produce exosomes carrying oncogenic MET mRNAs that mediate NSCLC progression by upregulating alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4).