The Role of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Progression

Figure 2

CSC-Exos regulate angiogenesis in cancer. Exosomes derived from lung cancer cells carry miR-23a, which target ZO-1 and promote angiogenesis in cancer. Melanoma cell-derived exosomal miR-155-5p induces a proangiogenic switch of cancer-associated fibroblasts via the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Exosomes derived from bladder cancer (BC) cells carry CRK, which promotes the expression of ErbB2/3 in BC cells and induces vascular growth in BC. Exosomes derived from gastric cancer (GC) cells contain miR-130a, which induces activation of c-MYB-related angiogenic factors and thereby promotes vascular growth. Glioma cell-derived exosomes (GDEs) carry miR-9, which targets and inhibits COL18A1, THBS2, PTCH1, and PHD3 to promote angiogenesis. miR-26a carried by glioma stem cell-derived exosomes (GSCs-Exo) activates the PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting PTEN to promote angiogenesis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs).