Disease Study Trial registration number Country Sample size (female/male) Intervention Dosage Route of medication Relevant outcomes Mean age (years) Disease duration (years) Duration Trial group Control group Trial group Control group Trial group Control group Trial group Control group Rheumatoid arthritis Yang et al. 2018 [29 ] ChiCTR-ONC-16008770 China 52 (40/12) 53 (43/10) MSC injection 1% albumin in physiological saline as the treatment or 50 mL of 1% albumin in normal saline without UCMSCs Intravenous infusion Disease activity, adverse events Response: 50.7; nonresponse: 51.2 49.8 Response: 48 weeks Shadmanfar et al. 2018 [30 ] NCT01873625 Iran 13 (13/0) 15 (13/2) MSC injection Normal saline Not known Intra-articular injection Disease activity, adverse events — — 48 weeks Álvaro-Gracia et al. 2017 [31 ] NCT01663116 Spain 46 (42/4) 7 (6/1) MSC injection Ringer’s lactate solution Intravenous infusion Disease activity, adverse events 24 weeks Systemic lupus erythematosus Tang et al. 2016 [32 ] — China 12 (11/1) MSC injection+prednisolone+cyclophosphamide+mycophenolate Prednisolone+cyclophosphamide+mycophenolate Intravenous infusion Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), urine protein, adverse events 19-44 0.2-14 24 weeks Zeng et al. 2016 [33 ] — China 7 (not known) 8 (not known) MSC injection+glucocorticoid+mycophenolate mofetil Glucocorticoid+mycophenolate mofetil Renal artery SLEDAI, urine protein, C3 — — — — 48 weeks Deng et al. 2017 [34 ] NCT01539902 China 12 (11/1) 6 (6/0) MSC injection Placebo Intravenous infusion SLEDAI, urine protein, C3, adverse events 48 weeks Yang et al. 2014 [35 ] — China 17 (15/2) 20 (20/0) MSC injection+glucocorticoid+cyclophosphamide Glucocorticoid+cyclophosphamide Intravenous infusion SLEDAI, urine protein, C3, adverse events 48 weeks Inflammatory bowel disease Hu et al. 2016 [36 ] NCT01221428 China 34 (13/21) 36 (14/22) Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusions twice besides the base treatment with a 7 day interval Normal saline infusions twice besides the base treatment with a 7-day interval Intravenous infusion Clinical efficacy (based on Mayo scores), Mayo score and IBDQ score, adverse events 24 weeks Garcia-Olmo et al. 2009 [37 ] — Spain 14 (11/3) Adipose-derived stem cells+fibrin glue Fibrin glue only Local injection Clinical efficacy (healing of a complex perianal fistula), quality of life score (SF-12), adverse events — — 8 weeks Panés et al. 2016 [38 ] NCT01541579 Seven European countries and Israel 107(47/60) 105(49/56) MSC injection Normal saline injection Local injection Clinical efficacy, adverse events 24 weeks Molendijk et al. 2015 [39 ] NCT01144962 Netherlands 15 (6/9) 6 (3/3) MSC injection Normal saline+human albumin injection Local injection Clinical efficacy (healing of a perianal fistula), adverse events 21-54 27-49 5-28 1-20 12 weeks Ankylosing spondylitis Su et al. 2020 [40 ] — China 20(8/12) 20(7/13) MSC injection Fliximab injection Intravenous infusion Clinical efficacy, immune index, and adverse events — — 24 weeks Multiple sclerosis Ji et al. 2013 [41 ] — China 60 (39/19) MSC injection+rituximab Glucocorticoid Intravenous infusion and oral Progression-free survival (PFS) rate, number of episodes, ability of daily living (ADL) scale, number of lesion, volume of lesion (cm3 ), adverse events 96 weeks Fernández et al. 2018 [42 ] NCT01056471 Spain 19 (13/6) 11 (8/3) MSC injection low and high dose Ringer’s lactate Intravenous infusion Expanded disability status scale (EDSS), number of lesion, volume of lesion (cm^3), adverse events Low dose: 44.8 ± 8.0; high dose: 47.8 ± 9.7 46.3 ± 8.9 Low dose: 15.4 ± 6.1; high dose: 18.7 ± 8.7 18.9 ± 7.3 24 weeks Petrou et al. 2020 [43 ] NCT02166021 Israel 32 (16/16) 16(4/12) MSC injection Normal saline Intrathecal injection or intravenous infusion EDSS, adverse events Intravenous infusion: Intravenous infusion: 24 weeks Li et al. 2014 [44 ] — China 13 (9/4) 10 (7/3) MSC injection No normal saline Intravenous infusion EDSS, cytokine 6 weeks Lublin et al. 2014 [45 ] — The United States and Canada 12(9/3) 4 (2/2) MSC injection Placebo Intravenous infusion EDSS, adverse events 36-58 40-52 — — 48 weeks Llufriu et al. 2014 [46 ] NCT01228266 Spain 9(7/2) MSC injection Suspension media Intravenous infusion EDSS, number of lesion, volume of lesion (cm3 ), adverse events 24 weeks
