Research Article
Metformin Facilitates Osteoblastic Differentiation and M2 Macrophage Polarization by PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Figure 3
Metformin enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity of UC-MSCs. (a) Osteogenically differentiated cells were identified with Alizarin Red staining after 21 days incubation. Scar μm (100x). (b) ALP activity of UC-MSCs was evaluated after 7 days incubation. μm (100x). (c–f) Quantitative analysis of osteogenic genes expression by RT-qPCR, including ALP (c), RUNX2 (d), OCN (e), and COL 1A1 (f). ; , . (g) Osteogenic proteins of ALP, RUNX2, and OCN were assessed by western blot.
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