Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and γ-Secretase Inhibitor Treatments Suppress Amyloid-β25–35-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rat Dams and Cortical Degeneration in Offspring

Figure 5

Photomicrograph of hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E-) stained sections of the neonatal cerebral cortex at PND14 of the following groups: (a) saline-injected group that illustrates that the normal organization of cells of the prefrontal cortex displays the external layers of the cortex that have the outer molecular layer (OML) underneath the regular attached pia mater (PM); both the external granular (EGL) and pyramidal layers exhibit small neuronal cell bodies having rounded open face nuclei (N) that are surrounded with a little cytoplasm, normal capillaries (BC), and normal glial cells (GC) that are seen within the acidophilic neuropil (). (b) Aβ25–35-injected group demonstrates disrupted and fragmented attached pia mater (PM) and disorganization of cells of the prefrontal cortex with decreased external granular layer thickness (EGL), degenerated neuronal cells (dN) with pyknotic nuclei, and elongated filament and pericellular haloes (PV); some of these cells had pointed ends. There were many glial cell nuclei in a vacuolated neuropil and dilated, crowded blood capillaries. Rarely visible were typical pyramidal cell bodies, marked dilated congested inflamed capillaries (BC), neuropil () with marked vacuoles (V), and degenerated glial cells (GC). (c) DMEM group displayed a normal histological structure of cerebral cortex. (d, e) AD treated with MSCs and AD treated with GSI-953 showed normally attached pia mater and normally arranged cells of the prefrontal cortex having a normal cellular thickness layer, completely regenerated neuronal cells (N), normal capillaries (BC), absence of edema, and completely regenerated glial cells (GC) ().