Combination Therapy with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells Increases Treatment Efficacy in Vascular Dementia

Figure 5

The evaluation of spatial learning and memory by Morris water maze in all groups. The PRP injection in the 2VO + PRP group led to a significant decline in the escape latency time in the third block compared to the 2VO + V group. The escape latency time during the three blocks in the 2VO + ESC and 2VO + ESC + PRP groups significantly decreased compared to the 2VO + V group (two-way ANOVA) (a). In the probe trial, better memory retention was recorded in the 2VO + ESC and 2VO + ESC + PRP groups relative to the 2VO + V group (b). (One-way ANOVA with post hoc test). Swimming speed was the same in all the studied groups (c). Significant differences with respect to the sham ( , , and ) and 2VO + V (^#, ^##, ^###). Significant differences between 2VO + ESC + PRP group respect to the 2VO + PRP group (^$$). The values are shown as mean ± SEM. Control (n = 9), sham (n = 9), 2VO + V (n = 10), 2VO + PRP (n = 9), 2VO + ESC (n = 11), and 2VO + ESC + PRP (n = 10).

(a)

(b)

(c)