Mechanisms of Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Figure 2

The effects of MSC-exosomes in MAFLD. MSC-exosomes play a role in MAFLD through immunomodulation, lipid regulation, and antifibrotic. MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; MSC-exosomes: MSC-derived exosomes; KCs: Kupffer cells; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; IL-6: interleukin-6; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; miRNA: microRNA; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α; FTO gene: fat mass and obesity-related gene; α-SMA: α-smooth muscle actin; Col1α1: Collagen 1α1.