Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies of Paracrine Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease

Figure 3

Anti-myocardial fibrosis effect of MSC-Exos. Galactin-3 in exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) promotes the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myoblasts in an inflammatory environment by upregulating β-catenin levels in fibroblasts. MiR-212-5p and miR-671 in MSC-Exos reduce myocardial infarct-induced fibrosis by regulating the NLRC5/VEGF/TGF-β1/Smad axis and TGFBR2/Smad2 axis, respectively. MSC-Exos promote Smad7 expression by inhibiting miR-125b-5p, inhibiting Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and further inhibiting myocardial fibrosis.