Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies

Table 2

FDA approved antiangiogenic agents for cancer therapeutics [41, 57, 58].

Antiangiogenic agent	Brand name	Company	Target biomarker molecule	Disease indication
Monoclonal antibodies
Ramucirumab	Cyramza®	Eli Lily	VEGFR-2	Metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer
Bevacizumab	Avastin®	Genentech/Roche	VEGFR	Metastatic colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lungs cancer, cRCC, ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, glioblastoma
Cetuximab	Erbitux®	Bristol-myers squibb	EGFR	Second line treatment for colorectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Panitumumab	Vectibix®	Amgen	EGFR	Colorectal cancer
Necitumumab	Portrazza	Eli Lily	EGFR	Squamous nonsmall-cell cancer
TKI
Axitinib	Inlyta®	Pfizer	VEGFR1–3 and PDGFR	Metastatic hepatocellular cancer (HCC), thyroid cancer, renal cell carcinoma
Imatinib mesylate	Gleevec®	Novartis	Blocks Abelson cytoplasmic tyrokinase and PDGFR activity	Chronic myeloid leukaemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, myelodysplastic, myeloproliferative disease
Nintedanib	Vargatef®	Boehringer ingelheim	VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonsmall cell lung cancer
Sunitinib malate	Sutent®	Pfizer	VEGFR1–3, PDGFR	Pancreatic cancer, RCC, gastrointestinal stroma tumor
Pazopanib	Votrient®	Novartis	VEGFR1–3, PDGFR	Metastatic renal cell cancer, advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Vandetanib	Caprelsa®	Sanofi	EGFR, VEGFR2–3, PDGFR	Pancreatic cancer, advanced metastatic renal cell cancer
Sorafenib	Nexavar®	Bayer/Onyx pharmaceuticals	VEGFR1–3, PDGFRβ, RET	Hepatocellular cancer, iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma
Regorafenib	–	–	VEGFR1–3, TIE2	Metastatic colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastrointestinal stroma tumor
Receptor fusion protein
Aflibercept	Zaltrap®	Regeneron pharmaceuticals	VEGF A and B	Metastatic colorectal cancer
Aptamers
Pegaptanib sodium (NX1838)	Macugen®	Eyetech.IN/Pfizer	VEGF-165	Macular degeneration