Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies

Table 3

Role of microRNAs against angiogenesis in different tumor therapy.

S. no.	microRNA	Gene targets	References
Breast cancer
1.	miR-126	PI3K regulatory subunit 2; VEGF antisense; cluster of differentiation 97; insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2	[126–129]
2.	miR-21; miR-497	HIF-1 α; VEGFR2	[130–132]
3.	miR-155	von Hippel-Lindau	[133]
	miR-199b-5p	Activin receptor-like kinase-1-downregulation; attenuated ALK1/Smad/Id1 pathway	[134]
4.	miR-57; miR-573	VEGF antisense, focal adhesion kinase, ANGPT2, HIF-1 α	[135]
	miR-204	ANGPT1, transforming growth factor beta receptor 2, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, Src	[136, 137]
5.	miR-542-3p	ANGPT2; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β; POU class 2 homeobox 1	[138–140]
7.	miR-4306	SIX1/Cdc42/VEGF antisense- downregulation; suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion and abrogates angiogenesis	[141]
Pancreatic cancer
8.	miR-21; miR-199	HIF-1α; VEGF	[142, 143]
9.	miR-34a	Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)	[144]
Lung cancer
11.	miR-181d-5p	Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 3-downregulation; suppressed proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and increased cell apoptosis	[145]
12.	miR-126; let-7b	VEGFA	[146]
13.	miR-128	Serum VEGFC	[147]
14.	miR-195	VEGF- downregulation; suppressed the viability and migration and angiogenesis	[148]
15.	miR-494	Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)	[149]
16.	miR-210	VEGFR type 2	[150]
17.	miR-29c	PVT1-upregulation-promote VEGF pathway	[151]
Colorectal cancer
18.	miR-126	VEGF, VEGFR2	[152, 153]
19.	miR-21	PTEN; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and 3 (TIMP1 and TIMP3)	[154]
20.	miR-30	Delta-like 4 (DLL4)	[155]
21.	miR-18a; miR-19	Early growth response 1	[156]
22	miR-194	Tumor suppressor p53	[157, 158]
23.	miR-15-16	FGF2, and cyclin B1 (CCNB1)	[159, 160]
24.	miR-29b	FGF2, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), drosophila embryonic protein SNAI1 (SNAIL),; B-cell CLL lymphoma 9-like protein (BCL9L), MMP2, and T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis (TIAM1)	[161–163]
25.	miR-27a; miR-27b	DLL4, SPRY2, VEGFC, SGPP1, SMAD2	[164–167]
26.	miR-192	β-Cell lymphoma-2, ZEB2, VEGFA	[168]
27.	miR-145	AKT, N-RAS, IRS1, VEGF, p70S6K1	[169, 170]
28.	miR-143	AKT, HIF-1α, VEGF	[171]
29.	miR-23b	7FZD7, MAP3K1	[172]
30.	miR-1249	VEGF A/HMGA2-downregulation; suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, regulate Akt/mTOR pathway and EMT	[173]
Ovarian cancer
31.	miR-199a; miR-125b; miR-145	HIF-1α, VEGF, p70S6K	[174]
32.	miR-484; miR-642; miR-217; miR-27a	VEGF, VEGFR2, COX2, SP1	[175, 176]
33.	miR-200 family	ZEB1, ZEB2, IL8, CXCL1	[177–179]
34.	miR-204	Inhibits brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)	[180]
35.	miR-765	miR-765 downregulates VEGFA/Akt1/SRC-α axis in SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cells)	[181]
Gastric cancer
36.	miR-20	Downregulate VEGF and inhibits angiogenesis	[182]
37.	miR-29b		[183]
38.	miR-93		[184]
39.	miR-126		[185]
40.	miR-190		[186]
41.	miR-195		[187]
42.	miR-200		[188]
43.	miR-203		[189]
44.	miR-497		[190]
45.	miR-503		[191]
46.	miR-638		[192]
47.	miR-22	Targets VEGF inducers and regulates VEGF dependent angiogenesis	[193]
48.	miR-107		[194]
49.	miR-519c		[195]
50.	miR-145		[196]
51.	miR-616-3p	miR-616-3p upregulates VEGF-A/VEGFR2 and induce tumor angiogenesis	[197]
52.	miR-126	Directly inhibits VEGF-a expression and thereby inhibit angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo	[198–200]
53.	miR-29a/c	Suppresses VEGF expression in GC cells, inhibiting cell growth, migration and angiogenesis	[201]
54.	miR-27b; miR-101; miR-128	Downregulate VEGFC and thereby inhibit angiogenesis	[202]
55.	miR-590	Targets VEGF1/2 and NRP1 expression; inhibit migration, invasion and angiogenesis of GC both in vivo and in vitro	[203]
56.	miR-574-5p	Activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) through suppressing target gene, PTPN3 expression and promotes angiogenesis via enhancing VEGF-A expression	[204]
57.	miR-210	Highly expressed miRNA in hypoxic conditions and mediates metabolism, angiogenesis, and apoptosis	[205]
58.	miR-718; miR-382	Targets PTEN and thereby inhibits angiogenesis of gastric cancer	[206]
59.	miR-135b	Suppress FOXO1 protein and enhance angiogenesis in gastric cancer	[207]
Glioma
60.	miR-26a	Overexpression inhibit PTEN and regulate angiogenesis	[208]
61.	miR-103a-3p; miR-382-5p	miR-103a-3p and miR-382-5p overexpression activates PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and leads to upregulation of MOV10, circ-DICER1, ZIC4, and Hsp90β proteins which promotes cell viability, migration, and tube formation of glioma-exposed ECs	[209]
Hepatocellular carcinoma
62.	miR-885-5p	Overexpression of miR-885-5p silences astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG1); inhibit EMT and angiogenesis	[210]
Head and neck cancer
63.	miR-30e-5p	Overexpression of miR-30e-5p silences AEG1 suppresses migration o HUVECs and downregulation of VEGF and HGF, which leads to angiogenesis and metastasis	[211]
Gall bladder cancer
64.	miR-136	Overexpression of miR-136 downregulates MAP2K4 ad inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation	[210]
Renal cell carcinoma
65.	miR-21	miR-21 expression targets programed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4)/c-Jun signalling pathway and promotes the migration, invasion and angiogenesis in renal cell cancer cells	[212]