|
Species | Tissue | Subcellular location | Gene source | Fold increase in Asc | Fold increase in Asc redox state | Consequence of increasing DHAR expression | Reference |
|
Tobacco | Leaves | Cytosol | Wheat | 2.2 to 3.9 | 2 to 3 | Increased GSH content and redox state; increased ozone tolerance; reduced ROS; reduced photoinhibition; embryo twinning | [11, 141, 146, 162, 178, 181] |
Tobacco | Leaves | Cytosol | Arabidopsis | 1.9 to 2.1 | 2.4 to 2.6 | Enhanced tolerance to ozone, drought, and salt | [182] |
Tobacco | Leaves | Cytosol | Arabidopsis | 1.3 | 1.6 | Enhanced tolerance to aluminum | [183] |
Tobacco | Leaves | Chloroplast | Human | No change | 2 | Increased GR activity; lower GSH redox state; enhanced tolerance to low temperature and oxidative stress | [179, 180] |
Tobacco | Leaves | Chloroplast | Rice | 1.6 | 2.4 to 3 | Increased GSH content; decreased GSH redox state; enhanced tolerance to salt and cold stress | [184] |
Potato | Leaves | Cytosol | Sesame | 1.5 | Not reported | 1.6-fold increase in Asc in tubers as well using 35S promoter | [185] |
Potato | Leaves | Cytosol | Potato | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.2-fold increase in Asc in tubers as well using 35S promoter | [186] |
Potato | Leaves | Chloroplast | Potato | 1.4 to 1.5 | 1.4 to 1.5 | No increase in Asc in tubers | [186] |
Arabidopsis | Leaves | Cytosol | Arabidopsis | 2 to 4.25 | 3 to 16 | Increased GSH content and redox state; enhanced tolerance to high-light and high-temperature stress | [187] |
Arabidopsis | Leaves | Cytosol | Rice | 1.1 to 1.4 | 0.9 to 1.1 | Enhanced tolerance to salt stress | [188] |
Maize | Leaves | Cytosol | Wheat | 1.8 | 1.3 to 1.4 | Increased GSH content and redox state | [11] |
Tomato | Fruit | Cytosol | Tomato | 1.6 | Not reported | No increase in foliar Asc content | [189] |
Potato | Tubers | Cytosol | Sesame | 1.1 to 1.3 | Not reported | No change in foliar Asc content using the tuber-specific patatin promoter | [185] |
Maize | Kernels | Cytosol | Wheat | 1.9 | 1 to 4 | Improved nutritive value of maize grain; increased GSH content and redox state | [11] |
Maize | Kernels | Cytosol | Wheat | 6 | Not reported | Improved nutritive value of maize grain | [13] |
|