Three-Dimensional Kinetic Adaptations of Gait throughout Pregnancy and Postpartum

Table 3

Mean and standard deviation of the joint power peaks, and significance levels of the pairs of collections with significant changes for sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

Joint	Plane	Side	Peak	First trimester		Second trimester		Third trimester		Postpartum
				Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation
Ankle	Sagittal	Right	1st	−0.720	0.200	−0.644	0.200	−0.624	0.195	−0.613	0.274
			2nd	3.003	0.830	2.884	0.701	2.647	0.674	2.987	0.889
		Left	1st	−0.654	0.287	−0.668	0.269	−0.604	0.273	−0.638	0.339
			2nd	2.771	0.962	2.846	0.672	2.465	0.726	2.984	0.993
	Frontal	Right	1st	−0.081	0.058	−0.119	0.077	−0.074	0.046	−0.090	0.099
			2nd	0.347	0.196	0.551	0.314	0.436	0.295	0.446	0.367
		Left	1st	−0.062	0.034	−0.075	0.093	−0.089	0.043	−0.078	0.037
			2nd	0.314	0.288	0.323	0.245	0.462	0.403	0.586	0.451
	Transverse	Right	1st	−0.040	0.040	−0.086	0.176	−0.032	0.053	−0.032	0.021
			2nd	−0.119	0.049	−0.146	0.093	−0.114	0.075	−0.134	0.075
		Left	1st	−0.048	0.031	−0.050	0.022	−0.040	0.018	−0.049	0.030
			2nd	−0.150	0.076	−0.148	0.065	−0.087	0.066	−0.139	0.101	(b) 0.030; (c) 0.025
Knee	Sagittal	Right	1st	−0.525	0.412	−0.521	0.577	−0.546	0.425	−0.701	0.581
			2nd	0.345	0.299	0.349	0.322	0.276	0.156	0.490	0.377	(d) 0.006
			3rd	−0.673	0.178	−0.782	0.523	−0.566	0.223	−0.829	0.265
		Left	1st	−0.481	0.623	−0.476	0.458	−0.587	0.523	−0.621	0.891
			2nd	0.457	0.391	0.374	0.270	0.390	0.221	0.592	0.530
			3rd	−0.791	0.306	−0.678	0.332	−0.585	0.154	−0.714	0.275
Hip	Sagittal	Right	1st	0.435	0.267	0.400	0.203	0.478	0.272	0.407	0.325
			2nd	−0.749	0.322	−0.675	0.267	−0.614	0.239	−0.987	0.474	(f) 0.027
		Left	1st	0.339	0.183	0.537	0.267	0.444	0.184	0.402	0.246
			2nd	−0.744	0.257	−0.672	0.310	−0.610	0.194	−0.867	0.338	(f) 0.014
	Frontal	Right	1st	−0.592	0.211	−0.693	0.310	−0.619	0.255	−0.654	0.272
			2nd	0.736	0.319	0.720	0.344	0.570	0.231	0.704	0.261
			3rd	0.634	0.153	0.642	0.302	0.721	0.189	0.632	0.259
		Left	1st	−0.493	0.256	−0.635	0.372	−0.600	0.236	−0.586	0.274
			2nd	0.655	0.219	0.740	0.267	0.596	0.125	0.828	0.347
			3rd	0.670	0.284	0.767	0.222	0.648	0.197	0.595	0.189
	Transverse	Right	1st	−0.306	0.140	−0.670	0.776	−0.414	0.196	−0.354	0.199	(a) 0.008
			2nd	0.061	0.041	0.115	0.117	0.068	0.103	0.067	0.046
		Left	1st	−0.330	0.111	−0.555	0.308	−0.394	0.199	−0.453	0.247
			2nd	0.062	0.043	0.135	0.178	0.052	0.050	0.090	0.064

(a) Significant differences between 1st and 2nd trimester; (b) significant differences between 1st and 3rd trimesters; (c) significant differences between 2nd and 3rd trimesters; (d) significant differences between 1st trimester and PP; (e) significant differences between 2nd trimester and PP; (f) significant differences between 3rd trimester and PP; ns: nonsignificant. Units are in W⋅Kg⁻¹.