Low Density of Top Predators (Seabirds and Marine Mammals) in the High Arctic Pack Ice
Table 2
Data obtained in the four main geographical zones defined during the PS86 and PS87 expeditions of RV Polarstern, July–September 2014; : number of 30 min counts; total number; mean per count; and mean per km (see text and Figure 1).
Zone
n
Salinity
Temperature °C
Ice cover %
Fluorescence (chlorophyll)
Speed knots
Fulmar
Brünnich’s guillemot
Little auk
Puffin
Ivory gull
Fulmarus glacialis
Uria lomvia
Alle alle
Fratercula arctica
Pagophila eburnea
Mean (min–max)
Mean (min–max)
Mean (min–max)
Mean (min–max)
Mean (min–max)
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
1
419
33.4 (29.3–35.1)
3.3 (−1.7–12.1)
10 (0–80)
2.1 (0.06–12.7)
9.2 (2.8–12.7)
2121
5.06
252
0.6
1054
2.52
509
1.21
78
0.57
2
449
31.1 (29.2–33.3)
−1.4 (−1.7–1.3)
75 (0–100)
1.2 (0.1–5.5)
4.4 (1.1–11.2)
116
0.26
1
4
0
156
0.35
3
160
26.2 (24.3–29.9)
0.2 (−1.3–1.11)
80 (0–100)
1.1 (0.7–2.3)
4.9 (1.2–10.5)
0
1
0
0
105
0.97
4
580
28.6 (24.3–35.0)
0.9 (−1.7–10.8)
2 (0–10)
1.3 (0.6–3.9)
5.7 (2.3–12.2)
126
0.22
100
0.17
8
2
162
0.28
Zone
Ross’s gull
Kittiwake
White-beaked dolphin
Fin whale
Harp seal
Hooded seal
Polar bear
Rhodostethia rosea
Rissa tridactyla
Lagenorhynchus albirostris
Balaenoptera physalus
Pagophilus groenlandicus
Cystophora cristata
Ursus maritimus
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
Total
Mean
1
0
239
0.57
239
0.57
37
0.09
4
0.01
2
0.01
3
0.01
2
0
112
0.25
0
0
2
14
5
0.01
3
190
1.19
155
0.97
0
0
0
0
0
4
38
0.07
2931
5.05
10
0.02
1
17
0.03
0
0
For mean values above 0.1 per count for birds and above 0.01 for mammals.
