In Utero Nutritional Manipulation Provokes Dysregulated Adipocytokines Production in F1 Offspring in Rats
Table 3
Serum levels of cytokines in different study groups.
Age (weeks)
Sex
CF1-CD
CF1-HCD
OF1-CD
OF1-HCD
MF1-CD
MF1-HCD
Adiponectin (ng/mL)
5
Male
12.7 ± 1.1
12.6 ± 1.2
12.6 ± 1.3
12 ± 1.1
12.4 ± 1.3
12.3 ± 1.2
Female
17.9 ± 1.5
16.8 ± 1.7
16.8 ± 1.9
16 ± 1.5
17.4 ± 1.6
16.4 ± 2
10
Male
13.3 ± 0.8
13.4 ± 1.3
12.6 ± 1.2
12.1 ± 1.2
12.9 ± 1.2
12.4 ± 1.3
Female
17.8 ± 1.3
16.7 ± 1.6
16.1 ± 2
16.1 ± 1.6
18 ± 1.8
16.5 ± 1.6
15
Male
13.7 ± 1.3
13.2 ± 1.3
13.0 ± 1.2
11.7 ± 1.1
13.2 ± 1.4
12.6 ± 1.3
Female
17.3 ± 1.6
16.3 ± 1.2
16.5 ± 2.1
15.2 ± 2
17.5 ± 2
15.4 ± 2.2
20
Male
14.2 ± 1.2
12.8 ± 1.3
12.8 ± 1.3
10.8 ± 1
13.7 ± 1.3
12.8 ± 1.4
Female
16.9 ± 1.7
16.7 ± 1.6
16.3 ± 1.8
15.1 ± 1.5
17.5 ± 1.6
15 ± 1.6
25
Male
14.3 ± 1.2
12.3 ± 1.2
12.5 ± 1.2
10.4 ± 1.2
13.9 ± 1.4
12.6 ± 1.4
Female
16.6 ± 2.1
16.7 ± 2.2
15.6 ± 2
14.1 ± 1.4
18 ± 1.5
14.8 ± 1.8
30
Male
14.9 ± 1.3
12.6 ± 1.3
11.5 ± 1.3
10 ± 1.1
14 ± 1.5
12.6 ± 1.3
Female
16.7 ± 1.8
16.5 ± 1.8
15.1 ± 2.1
13.4 ± 2
17 ± 2
14.2 ± 1.2
Leptin (ng/mL)
5
Male
0.52 ± 0.08
0.58 ± 0.08
0.6 ± 0.07
0.62 ± 0.1
0.6 ± 0.07
0.58 ± 0.06
Female
1.7 ± 0.1
1.64 ± 0.12
1.74 ± 0.1
1.82 ± 0.16
1.61 ± 0.18
1.75 ± 0.15
10
Male
0.4 ± 0.09
0.42 ± 0.09
0.4 ± 0.09
0.48 ± 0.03
0.35 ± 0.02
0.38 ± 0.02
Female
1.2 ± 0.1
1.19 ± 0.13
1.4 ± 0.15
1.57 ± 0.15
1.22 ± 0.17
1.55 ± 0.17
15
Male
0.28 ± 0.1
0.44 ± 0.12
0.36 ± 0.04
0.5 ± 0.04
0.25 ± 0.02#
0.4 ± 0.03
Female
0.91 ± 0.1
0.97 ± 0.13
1.1 ± 0.14
1.4 ± 0.18
1.1 ± 0.16
1.3 ± 0.2
20
Male
0.22 ± 0.12
0.43 ± 0.1
0.35 ± 0.03
0.48 ± 0.04
0.25 ± 0.03
0.42 ± 0.02
Female
0.83 ± 0.11
0.94 ± 0.08
1.15 ± 0.16
1.3 ± 0.16
0.94 ± 0.1
1.24 ± 0.2
25
Male
0.24 ± 0.1
0.43 ± 0.13
0.33 ± 0.02
0.47 ± 0.03
0.23 ± 0.02#
0.4 ± 0.03
Female
0.84 ± 0.12
0.94 ± 0.14
1.1 ± 0.14
1.4 ± 0.12
0.94 ± 0.12
1.2 ± 0.22
30
Male
0.2 ± 0.1
0.42 ± 0.12
0.31 ± 0.02
0.43 ± 0.07
0.22 ± 0.01#
0.4 ± 0.03
Female
0.9 ± 0.1
0.95 ± 0.1
1.1 ± 0.12
1.4 ± 0.12
0.99 ± 0.07
1.3 ± 0.27
TNF-α (pg/mL)
5
Male
18 ± 2.2
24 ± 2.1
24 ± 2.1
24 ± 2.3
18 ± 3
19 ± 2.4
Female
23 ± 3.1
23 ± 2.5
26 ± 2.5
30 ± 2.4
24 ± 2.1
27 ± 2.2
10
Male
19 ± 2.4
23 ± 2.6
26 ± 2.4
51 ± 4
20 ± 2.3
32 ± 2.1
Female
26 ± 3.1
26 ± 2.6
31 ± 2.2
41 ± 3.8
28 ± 2.2
34 ± 2.1
15
Male
18 ± 2
24 ± 2
29 ± 2
57 ± 5.3
20 ± 3.4
37 ± 3
Female
28 ± 4
32 ± 3
36 ± 3.1
46 ± 3.4
29 ± 3.1
42 ± 3.4
20
Male
21 ± 2.4
26 ± 2.3
32 ± 2.4
63 ± 6
24 ± 3.6
41 ± 3
Female
30 ± 3.5
34 ± 2.7
39 ± 3
56 ± 4.1
34 ± 2.7
46 ± 3.3
25
Male
22 ± 2.3
28 ± 2.1
37 ± 2.1
71 ± 5
26 ± 3.7
46 ± 3.5
Female
30 ± 2
35 ± 2.9
41 ± 3.6
58 ± 4.5
36 ± 2.5
48 ± 3.4
30
Male
23 ± 2
32 ± 2.2
42 ± 2.2
78 ± 7.2
30 ± 3
55 ± 3.2
Female
33 ± 3.2
35 ± 3.2
46 ± 3.2
59 ± 4.3
39 ± 2.6
50 ± 4.1
Data are presented as mean ± SD (). CF1-CD: F1 offspring of control mothers under control diet, CF1-HCD: F1 offspring of control mothers under HCD, OF1-CD: F1 offspring of obese mothers under control diet, and OF1-HCD: F1 offspring of obese mothers under HCD, MF1-CD: F1 offspring of malnourished mothers under control diet, and MF1-HCD: F1 offspring of malnourished mothers under HCD. The symbol indicates significant difference from CF1-CD by ANOVA (), the symbol # indicates significant difference from CF-HCD by ANOVA () and the symbol @ indicates significant difference from male at each age by -test.
