Influence of Body Composition on Gait Kinetics throughout Pregnancy and Postpartum Period
Table 2
Anthropometric and body composition variables of the participants during pregnancy and in the postpartum period (). Mean values standard deviation of variables and significant values of post hoc tests ().
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Postpartum
Sig.
Anthropometry
Biacromial breadth (cm)
36.5 1.9
36.5 0.9
37.1 1.1
36.6 1.8
0.038
0.025
Biiliocristal breadth (cm)
27.6 2.0
28.2 2.0
29.0 2.4
27.9 1.8
0.001
Thoracic breadth (cm)
24.1 1.6
25.6 1.1
26.7 1.2
24.1 1.6
0.022
0.004
0.016
0.009
0.002
Abdominal girth (cm)
87.1 6.7
96.8 6.6
103.6 7.2
88.9 6.5
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Gluteal girth (cm)
99.0 7.2
102.1 7.5
103.3 7.3
100.1 7.7
0.006
0.003
0.028
Midthigh girth (cm)
51.4 5.4
53.1 5.3
53.3 5.1
52.6 4.6
ns
Calf girth (cm)
35.8 2.3
36.5 2.8
36.9 3.0
36.3 2.7
0.044
Biiliocristal-biacromial ratio
0.76 0.05
0.77 0.04
0.78 0.04
0.76 0.04
ns
Abdominal-gluteal ratio
0.88 0.05
0.95 0.05
1.0 0.06
0.89 0.03
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Body composition
Body mass (kg)
61.1 6.6
66.6 8.5
71.0 8.0
62.4 7.4
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.014
0.005
Body weight gain (kg)
2.1 2.0
7.9 3.0
12.6 2.5
−8.6 3.7
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.012
0.011
Subscapular skinfold (mm)
11.5 4.4
12.6 4.4
13.3 4.1
13.4 6.5
0.006
Triceps skinfold (mm)
16.2 3.9
17.5 4.2
16.3 4.4
20.0 5.3
0.015
0.020
0.030
Biceps skinfold (mm)
6.8 2.6
6.7 3.1
7.1 2.9
7.6 3.5
0.028
Iliac crest skinfold (mm)
19.1 4.0
20.7 4.9
19.0 5.1
17.4 4.3
ns
Front thigh skinfold (mm)
20.4 7.5
23.4 9.4
23.8 8.1
23.4 6.0
ns
Medial calf skinfold (mm)
13.4 5.7
14.1 6.5
14.3 5.0
14.7 5.7
ns
Skinfolds sum (mm)
124.7 24.5
131.5 30.3
130.7 27.7
132.8 27.9
0.030
Fat mass (%)
26.4 5.2
28.6 3.2
28.1 3.6
28.6 4.0
ns
Fat mass weight (kg)
16.3 4.5
19.2 4.5
20.1 4.4
18.0 4.5
0.038
0.022
Fat-free mass weight (kg)
44.8 3.5
47.4 4.4
50.9 4.6
44.4 3.7
ns
Thigh area (cm2)
211.9 45.8
226.4 46.4
228.3 44.9
221.9 38.8
ns
Thigh muscle area (cm2)
161.8 37.3
167.6 26.8
168.2 24.8
164.1 27.8
ns
Thigh fat area (cm2)
50.2 20.0
58.8 27.8
60.1 25.2
57.8 17.2
0.041
0.047
Calf area (cm2)
102.6 13.3
106.6 17.0
109.2 18.0
105.6 15.6
0.016
0.026
Calf muscle area (cm2)
79.9 9.0
82.0 9.4
84.1 11.4
80.2 9.0
0.009
<0.001
0.049
Calf fat area (cm2)
22.7 10.4
24.6 12.6
25.1 10.1
25.4 10.8
0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.000
BMI (kg/m2)
22.7 2.8
24.8 3.6
26.4 3.4
23.2 3.3
0.018
0.012
0.017
0.012
0.003
0.003
Significant differences between 1st and 2nd trimester; significant differences between 1st and 3rd trimester; significant differences between 2nd and 3rd trimester; significant differences between 1st trimester and postpartum; significant differences between 2nd trimester and postpartum; significant differences between 3rd trimester and postpartum; ns: nonsignificant.
