African Orphan Crops under Abiotic Stresses: Challenges and Opportunities

Table 4

Major techniques applied to develop abiotic stress-tolerant African orphan crops.

Technique	Improved trait	Crop	Reference
Breeding & genomics
Selection/screening	Soil acidity	Tef	[44]
Hybridization (intra- & interspecific)	Drought tolerance	NERICA rice	[45]
Mutation breeding	Diverse traits	Tef	[46]
Marker-assisted method	Drought tolerance	Pearl millet	[47]
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes)	Several traits	Chickpea, millets, tef	[48, 49]
Agronomy & physiology
Conservation tillage	Drought tolerance	Sorghum and chickpea	[50]
Biochar application	Soil acidity tolerance; improved soil properties	Tef & other crops	[51, 52]
BBF (broad-beds & furrows)	Improved drainage	Faba bean and tef	[53]
SCI (System of Crop Intensification)	Several	Finger millet, tef, mustard	[54]
Plant hormones	Salt & cold tolerance	Several crops	[55, 56]