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| Author (year) | Mode of data collection | Setting | Sample size | Response rate | Males | Mean age | T&CM definition | Prevalence and CI | Condition | Types |
|
| Al-Garni et al. [23] | Outpatient cross-sectional study | Jeddah Diabetic Center (JDC), Jeddah | 310 | Not reported | 75.2% | 57.58 ± 8.50 | Herbal and food supplements | 25.8% (21.10; 31.12) | Type 2 diabetes | Herbal medicine (25.8%): ginger (Zingiber officinale) (11.6%), black seeds (Nigella sativa) (10%), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) (5.5%), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (2.9%), and garlic (Allium sativum) (2.9%), Food supplement (30.6%): B complex (15.2%), vitamin D (14.5%), and calcium (0.6%) |
|
| Al-Rowais [21] | Outpatient cross-sectional study | Riyadh city: outpatient clinics in King Khalid University, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Prince Salman Hospital, and Riyadh Medical Complex | 296 | 98.6% | 56.7% | 51.99 ± 15.6 | Herbal | 17.4% (13.36; 22.31) | Diabetes | Herbal medicine (17.4%): myrrh (Commiphora molmol) (45%), black seeds (Nigella sativa) (19.6%), helteet (Ferula assa-foetida) (13.7%), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (13.7%), and aloes (Aloe vera) (11.8%) |
|
| Al Saeedi et al. [22] | Outpatient cross-sectional study | Mecca city: 7 government hospitals plus private hospitals | 1039 | 89.4% | 66.7% | Not reported | Traditional remedies (herbal) | 30.1% (27.34; 33.01) | Diabetes | Herbal medicine (30.1%): fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (6.1%) and neem (Melia azedarach) (5.1%) |
|
| Bakhotmah and Alzahrani [25] | Household cross-sectional study | Jeddah city | 1006 | Not reported | 53.1% | 49 ± 17 | Topical natural preparation | 34.4% (31.48; 37.44) | Diabetic foot | Honey (56.6%), myrrh (Commiphora molmol) (37.4%), black seeds (Nigella sativa) (35.1%), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (12.5%), honey and black seeds combination (19.1%), and honey and myrrh combination (12.1%) |
|
| Al-Eidi et al. [20] | Outpatient cross-sectional study | Riyadh city: outpatient clinics in Diabetic Center of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Hospital | 302 | Not reported | 43.4% | 51.6 ± 10.6 | All types | 30.50% (25.42; 36.08) | Type 2 diabetes | Herbs (30.4%), wet cupping (20.9%), vitamins and minerals (17.6%), cautery (16.7%), ruqia (spiritual healing) (10.8%), honeybee products (2.0%), and medical massage (1.5%) |
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| Kamel et al. [24] | Outpatient cross-sectional study | Jeddah city: King Abdulaziz University and King Fahad Hospital | 214 | 71.3% | 40% | Not reported | Herbal | 64% (57.14; 70.35) | Diabetes | Herbs (64%) |
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