Prevalence and Determinants of Rural-Urban Utilization of Skilled Delivery Services in Northern Ghana

Table 3

Strength of association (coefficient effect) of SBA determinants across urban and rural areas.

Predictor	(Rural Model)		(Urban Model)
	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval (CI)	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval (CI)
Age (years)
Under 25	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
25–34	1.21	CI: 0.52–2.85	0.76	CI: 0.39–1.47
At least 35	9.80	CI: 2.23–43.06	1.74	CI: 0.67–4.49
Educational level
No formal education	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Basic	0.79	CI: 0.28–2.24	1.00	CI: 0.51–1.96
Secondary and above	2.40	CI: 0.55–10.39	1.22	CI: 0.60–2.50
Parity
1	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
>1	11.88	CI: 3.76–37.56	4.20	CI: 1.92–9.21
Distance from health facility (km)
1–3	6.05	CI: 2.54–14.39	9.62	CI: 3.78–24.49
At least 4 km	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Household wealth index
Low	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
High	2.37	CI: 1.09–5.89	0.89	CI: 0.45–1.76
ANC content
Inadequate	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Adequate	0.67	CI: 0.30–1.47	0.77	CI: 0.44–1.38
Classification of women autonomy
Low	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
High	8.24	CI 3.38–20.08	2.65	CI: 1.41–4.97
Classification of perceived barriers
Low	19.08	CI: 7.27–50.08	4.22	CI: 2.38–7.49
High	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
ANC visits during previous pregnancy
Less than 4	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
At least 4	34.86	CI: 12.74–95.38	3.92	CI: 2.24–6.86
Knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy
No	2.91	CI: 1.03–8.19	0.78	CI: 0.37–1.64
Yes	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
(Pseudo) R^2	70.8%		43.7%

Significant at ; significant at ; significant at .