Prevalence and Determinants of Rural-Urban Utilization of Skilled Delivery Services in Northern Ghana
Table 4
Comparison of differences in the level and strength of association of selected determinants of skilled delivery attendance stratified by residence type.
Predictor variable
Level of predictor in districts (%)
Difference in predictor level (%)
Strength of association between determinant and SBA (AOR (CI))
Is the effect covariate or coefficient in urban areas?
Rural
Urban
Urban-rural
Rural
Urban
% of women aged at least 35 years
15.8
17.2
4.2
9.80 (2.23, 43.06)
1.74 (0.67, 4.49)
None
Educational level of at least secondary school
5.6
16.9
11.3
2.40 (0.55, 10.39)
1.22 (0.60, 2.50)
Covariate
Parity > 1
72.5
69.7
−2.8
11.88 (3.76, 37.56)
4.20 (1.92, 9.21)
None
Distance from health facility less than 4 (km)
20.8
25.6
4.8
6.05 (2.54, 14.39)
9.62 (3.78, 24.49)
Both covariate and coefficient
High household wealth index
45.8
42.5
−3.3
2.37 (1.09, 5.89)
0.89 (0.45, 1.76)
None
Adequate ANC content
48.6
54.2
5.6
0.67 (0.30, 1.47)
0.77 (0.44, 1.38)
None
High women autonomy
45.8
49.8
3.0
8.24 (3.38, 20.08)
2.65 (1.41, 4.97)
None
Low perceived barriers
37.5
41.1
3.6
19.08 (7.27, 50.08)
4.22 (2.38, 7.49)
None
ANC visits of at least 4
37.5
48.6
11.1
34.86 (12.74, 95.38)
3.92 (2.24, 6.86)
Covariate
Significant at ; significant at ; significant at . AOR (CI): adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
