Research Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months in Hail, Saudi Arabia
Table 1
Sociodemographic, maternal, child, and health service characteristics reported by the study participants in Hail city, Saudi Arabia, 2019.
| Sociodemographic characteristics of the mother | n | (%) | 95% CI |
| Mothers’ age in years mean ± SD (range) | | 30.16 ± 7.48 (18–48) | <25 | 110 | 24.4 | 20.6–28.7 | 25–29 | 128 | 28.4 | 24.4–32.9 | 30–39 | 128 | 28.4 | 24.4–32.9 | 40+ | 84 | 18.7 | 15.2–22.6 | Mothers’ education | Illiterate | 26 | 5.8 | 3.9–8.5 | Primary | 22 | 4.9 | 3.2–7.4 | Middle | 60 | 13.3 | 10.4–16.9 | Secondary | 137 | 30.4 | 26.3–35.0 | University/higher | 205 | 45.6 | 40.9–50.3 | Mothers’ employment status | Working | 135 | 30.0 | 25.8–34.5 | Housewife | 269 | 59.8 | 55.1–64.3 | Student | 46 | 10.2 | 7.7–13.5 | Family income (SR) | <3000 | 16 | 3.6 | 2.1–5.8 | 3000–4999 | 55 | 12.2 | 9.4–15.7 | 5000–9999 | 148 | 32.9 | 28.6–37.5 | 10000–14999 | 169 | 37.6 | 33.1–42.2 | ≥15000 | 62 | 13.8 | 10.8–17.4 | Obstetric history and health service-related factors | Number of pregnancies mean ± SD (range) 3.37 ± 2.12 (1–12) | <3 | 67 | 15.2 | 12.0–18.9 | 3-4 | 260 | 58.8 | 54.1–63.4 | ≥5 | 115 | 26.0 | 22.0–30.4 | Number of children under 5 years mean ± SD (range) 1.56 ± 0.62 (1–5) | ≤1 | 227 | 50.4 | 45.7–55.2 | ≥2 | 223 | 49.6 | 44.8–54.3 | Sex of the child | Male | 293 | 53.1 | 48.4–57.8 | Female | 211 | 46.9 | 42.2–51.6 | Birth order of the child | First born | 107 | 23.8 | 20.0–28.0 | Second born | 106 | 23.6 | 19.8–27.8 | Third and above | 237 | 52.7 | 47.9–57.3 | No. of antenatal visits mean ± SD (range) 3.97 ± 1.68 (1–9) | <3 | 75 | 16.7 | 13.4–20.5 | 3-4 | 260 | 57.8 | 53.1–62.4 | 5+ | 115 | 25.6 | 21.6–29.9 | Breastfeeding counseling received during antenatal care | Yes | 349 | 77.7 | 73.5–81.4 | No | 100 | 22.3 | 18.6–26.5 | Breastfeeding counseling received immediately after delivery | Yes | 358 | 79.9 | 75.8–83.5 | No | 90 | 20.1 | 16.5–24.2 | Mode of delivery | CS | 28 | 6.2 | 4.3–9.0 | Vaginal delivery | 421 | 93.8 | 91.0–95.7 | Place of delivery | Governmental hospital | 402 | 89.3 | 86.0–92.0 | Private hospital | 41 | 9.1 | 6.7–12.3 | Postnatal follow-up during puerperium | Yes | 280 | 62.5 | 57.8–67.0 | No | 168 | 37.5 | 33.0–42.2 | Awareness and knowledge about breastfeeding | Heard about exclusive breastfeeding (yes) | 362 | 80.4 | 76.4–83.9 | Know the meaning of EBF (breastfeeding only) | 328 | 72.9 | 68.5–76.9 | Know the duration of EBF (6 months) | 97 | 21.6 | 17.9–25.7 | What should be done with the colostrum (should be given) | 337 | 74.9 | 70.6–78.8 | Breastfeeding practice of the current child | Time of initiation of breastfeeding | During 1st hour of delivery | 108 | 24.0 | 20.2–28.3 | 2–24 hours | 212 | 47.1 | 42.4–51.8 | >24 hours | 122 | 27.1 | 23.1–31.5 | Not breastfed at all | 8 | 1.8 | 0.8–3.6 | Place of initiation of breastfeeding | At the hospital | 210 | 46.8 | 42.1–51.5 | At home | 239 | 53.2 | 48.5–57.9 | Colostrum given to the newborn | Yes | 345 | 76.8 | 72.6–80.6 | No | 104 | 23.2 | 19.4–27.4 | Prelacteal feeding given to the newborn | Yes | 225 | 50.1 | 45.4–54.8 | No | 224 | 49.9 | 45.2–54.6 | Practiced exclusive breastfeeding | Yes | 226 | 50.7 | 45.9–55.4 | No | 220 | 49.3 | 44.6–54.1 |
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