Epidemiological Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- or AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Screened in Apparently Healthy Chickens in Uganda
Table 1
Bivariate logistic regression analysis: factors related to ESBL-/AmpC-EC carriage among commercial chickens.
Variable
N
ESBL/AmpC status
Bivariate analysis
Yes (n1, %)
value
COR; 95% CI
Flock size
<700
140
34 (24.3)
0.010
2.32; 1.23–4.39
700–1,200
60
15 (25.0)
0.026
2.41; 1.11–5.23
1,201–1,701
60
4 (6.7)
0.254
0.52; 0.17–1.61
>1,701
140
17 (12.1)
a
1.00; ref
Age
<1 month
44
11 (25.0)
0.007
6.33; 1.65–24.35
1–4 months
196
43 (21.9)
0.007
5.34; 1.59–17.89
5–8 months
100
13 (13.0)
0.115
2,84; 0.77–10.41
>8 months
60
3 (5.0)
a
1.00; ref
Type of commercial chicken
Broilers
240
64 (26.7)
<0.001
9.82; 3.85–25.07
Dual purpose
20
1 (5.0)
0.754
1.42; 0.16–12.83
Layers
140
5 (3.6)
a
1.00; ref
Chicken housing system
Battery cage
20
0 (0.0)
0.998
a
Deep litter
380
70 (18.4)
a
1.00, ref
Subcounty
Kakiri
100
12 (12.0)
a
1.00; ref
Kasangati Town Council
100
18 (18.0)
0.238
1.61; 0.73–3.55
Kyengera Town Council
100
14 (14.0)
0.674
1.19; 0.52–2.73
Mende
40
9 (22.5)
0.121
2.13; 0.82–5.54
Wakiso
20
1 (5.0)
0.374
0.39; 0.05–3.15
Wakiso Town Council
40
16 (40.0)
<0.001
4.89; 2.04–11.72
COR: crude odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ref: reference group; a: no statistic computed. Significant factor by bivariate analysis.
