Research Article
Determination of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis Water Extracts
Table 1
General physical characteristics and propolis attributes of H. fimbriata, T. apicalis, and T. binghami.
| Characteristics | Species | H. fimbriata | T. apicalis | T. binghami |
| Body length | 8.10–8.29 mm | 6.82–7.30 mm | 6.61–7.75 mm | Body colour | Brown | Blackish brown | Blackish brown | Wing colour | Slight brownish base, semiclear apex | 1/2 dark base, 1/2 transparent-tipped | 1/4 dark base, 3/4 white-tipped | Propolis colour | Dark brown | Dark brown | Light brown | Propolis type | Hard and brittle | Hard and brittle | Hard and brittle |
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