A Consensus Framework for Reliability and Mitigation of Zero-Day Attacks in IoT

Table 2

Zero-day attacks.

Attack techniques	Mechanism	Focus	Methodology
Network attack vector [52, 53]	Launch the attack’s malicious payload and propagate itself	Programming errors	Protocols and network-aware processes
Application attack vector [52, 53]	Launch executable files	Open e-mail attachment	Executable files
Control system attack vector [54]	Destroy control system such as SCADA and PLC	Server Service (MS08-067), Windows Shell (MS10-046), Print Spooler Service (MS10-061), and Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers (MS10-073)	Third parties, LAN, and removable flash drives
Worm propagation [54]	Propagate worms or bots inside the network	Infection of Web server	IIS
Targeted attack (APT) [54]	Penetrate targeted system	Misplaced diversity	Weakest path
Moving target [54, 55]	Evade antivirus detection	Limit the exposure of attackers and opportunities and mitigate system resiliency	Continually shift and change over time to increase complexity and cost