Securing ZigBee Commercial Communications Using Constellation Based Distinct Native Attribute Fingerprinting

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2018/1489347/figures/1489347.fig.003a.svgz" name="1489347.fig.003a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Ideal 4-QAM Transmitted Constellation</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2018/1489347/figures/1489347.fig.003b.svgz" name="1489347.fig.003b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Projection <svg height="12.1527pt" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-0.2325001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.9202 17.5973 12.1527" width="17.5973pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M625 186C574 85 512 32 429 32C293 32 194 153 194 337C194 485 274 621 419 621C496 621 573 586 606 468L643 475C636 537 629 583 620 638C593 644 519 665 438 665C199 665 42 523 42 317C42 158 152 -15 418 -15C486 -15 578 5 604 11C621 46 647 122 660 171L625 186Z" id="g13-65"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.788,-5.741)"><path d="M463 633C453 636 427 644 417 648C388 660 349 667 316 667C183 667 100 592 100 483C100 398 176 335 223 305L259 282C321 242 358 203 358 149C358 66 301 22 234 22C110 22 70 131 57 208L24 205L28 48C51 23 128 -17 215 -17C342 -17 446 60 446 174C446 262 394 310 317 361L284 383C229 420 183 455 183 515C183 569 222 628 298 628C384 628 418 563 428 481L461 487C459 527 458 593 463 633Z" id="g50-84"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,13.092,-3.641)"><path d="M490 420C490 437 473 454 444 454C390 454 313 392 258 339L163 247H161L261 676C266 696 264 708 257 708C244 708 183 678 96 672L87 638L131 637C164 636 169 635 161 599L25 -4L33 -12C50 -3 84 5 114 10C127 83 135 123 149 182C155 197 180 221 206 243C235 170 266 105 293 53C320 2 335 -12 363 -12C385 -12 427 -2 489 83L466 109C440 83 414 59 402 59C391 59 382 70 359 113C333 159 293 247 272 296C301 333 360 376 407 376C428 376 444 375 451 369C457 365 470 365 474 372C482 387 490 408 490 420Z" id="g176-108"></path></g></svg> of received symbol</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2018/1489347/figures/1489347.fig.003c.svgz" name="1489347.fig.003c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Estimation of received symbols</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2018/1489347/figures/1489347.fig.003d.svgz" name="1489347.fig.003d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>Conditioning into <svg height="15.4254pt" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.834pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 13.9714 15.4254" width="13.9714pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 297H417L411 270C517 261 522 258 506 183L487 92C476 38 428 19 360 19C207 19 123 132 123 287C123 472 243 631 441 631C557 631 617 583 617 469L647 472C650 545 655 604 658 632C625 643 554 666 467 666C201 666 23 502 23 278C23 90 156 -16 339 -16C410 -16 501 6 569 24C566 43 567 70 573 101L589 183C604 259 607 262 667 271L673 297Z" id="g113-72"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.892,-5.741)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.827,3.784)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path></g></svg> subgroup</td></tr></table>

<div>Illustration of unconditional and conditional 4-QAM constellation processing.</div>

Security and Communication Networks

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Securing ZigBee Commercial Communications Using Constellation Based Distinct Native Attribute Fingerprinting 