Reversible Data Hiding for DNA Sequence Using Multilevel Histogram Shifting

Table 3

Watermark bpn and extra data bpn for test DNA sequences (watermark bpn : embedded watermark bit per nucleotide base, extra data bpn : extra data bit per nucleotide base required for watermark detection/recovery).

Type	Access number	Proposed NHS; () =		Proposed CHS; () =		LS-PE [18]; () =		Chen [19]; ( = 2)		Huang et al. [20]; ()
		Water-mark bpn	Extra data; bpn	Water-mark bpn	Extra data; bpn	Water-mark bpn	Extra data; bpn	Water-mark bpn	Extra data; bpn	Water-mark bpn	Extra data; bpn
Archaea	AE017199	0.396	0.308	0.567	0.295	0.425	0.930	0.098	0.232	0.034	0.202
Bacterium	CP000108	0.390	0.312	0.554	0.296	0.414	1.159	0.114	0.207	0.015	0.161
Bacterium	CP000247	0.396	0.308	0.565	0.292	0.412	1.194	0.096	0.218	0.021	0.208
Bacterium	CP000672.1	0.387	0.301	0.562	0.293	0.401	0.670	0.098	0.222	0.044	0.170
Bacterium	AF012886.2	0.356	0.332	0.590	0.332	0.429	5.300	0.111	0.213	0.022	0.242
Bacterium	AE014075.1	0.404	0.305	0.567	0.291	0.404	1.023	0.115	0.216	0.044	0.207
Bacterium	CP000473.1	0.425	0.311	0.555	0.299	0.405	1.048	0.115	0.196	0.037	0.215
Eukaryota	nm_000520	0.399	0.387	0.507	0.369	0.409	10.601	0.099	0.217	0.028	0.175
Eukaryota	NC_006033	0.389	0.301	0.578	0.292	0.414	0.672	0.117	0.207	0.025	0.213
Eukaryota	AL161582.2	0.381	0.312	0.569	0.301	0.422	0.611	0.115	0.210	0.046	0.223
Eukaryota	AL161595.2	0.378	0.313	0.574	0.304	0.419	0.559	0.097	0.235	0.003	0.198
Eukaryote	NC_006047	0.402	0.308	0.581	0.291	0.411	0.793	0.115	0.217	0.016	0.221
Moss	AP005672.1	0.389	0.298	0.575	0.303	0.455	0.662	0.109	0.227	0.012	0.204
Plant	NC_025652.1	0.401	0.315	0.569	0.300	0.398	0.470	0.116	0.213	0.037	0.183
Virus	AY653733.1	0.377	0.310	0.579	0.297	0.463	1.131	0.101	0.237	0.015	0.227
Average	-	0.391	0.315	0.566	0.303	0.419	1.788	0.108	0.218	0.027	0.203
Capacity efficiency	Watermark/; extra data	1.243		1.865		0.234		0.495		0.131