A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

Table 3

Implementation of NL techniques on the highlight examples.

Algorithm	Original cover text	Watermarked text
Topkara et al., 2006 [34]	I love an apple	My favorite fruit is apple
Topkara et al., 2006 [35]	I love an apple	I like an apple
Meral et al., 2009 [36]	I love an apple; Bir elmayı seviyorum	I like an apple; Bir elmayı severim
Kim, 2008 [37]	I like apples in autumn	(in autumn) (I) (apples) (like)
	나는 가을철에 사과를 좋아한다	가을철에 나는 사과를 좋아한다
Kim et al., 2010 [38]	(the departure) (was delayed)	(the departure) (was delayed)
	출항이 지연되었다	출항이 지연이 되었다
Halvani et al., 2013 [39]	I love an apple; Ich liebe einen Apfel	I like an apple; Ich mag einen Apfel
Mali et al., 2013 [40]	You could go to school	You should go to school
He et al., 2009 [41]	Tom's leg is injured by falling 汤姆的腿[被]摔伤了。	Tom fell down and his leg is injured 汤姆[被]摔了, 他的腿摔伤了。