A UAV-Aided Cluster Head Election Framework and Applying Such to Security-Driven Cluster Head Election Schemes: A Survey

Table 1

Promising applications of UAS.

Category	Application	Scenario
Intelligent transportation system	Traffic accident report [4]	UAVs aware a traffic accident at a high altitude in advance and quickly alerts it to prevent a subsequent accident.
	Flying road side unit [4]	UAVs aware a construction or an emergency in advance and quickly alerts it to cause a pre-action of the following vehicles.
	Flying police eye [4]	UAVs obtain information of illegally running vehicles and support the proactive safety enforcement of police.
Disaster relief	Refuge support in disasters [5]	UAVs monitor the status of nuclear power plant under an earthquake or a tsunami and support quick refuge of resident and aid goods.
	Response to sea contamination accidents	UAVs monitor the status of sea contamination by oil or chemicals and propagate the status to lead to a quick and proper reaction.
	Mountain disaster relief [6]	UAVs recognize the injured part of the wounded in a mountain, and deliver the first aid kit before a helicopter arrives
Surveillance	Disaster surveillance	UAVs surveil infrastructure, wild fires and leak of oil and chemicals, and respond to them proactively.
	Terror surveillance [7]	UAVs recognize a terrorist in the crowd and help the police remove the terror risk proactively.
Public safety	Crime prevention in blind spots	UAVs film a crime scene in a blind spot from CCTV and alert a crime outbreak to the police.
	Helper for the old and the weak	UAVs quickly alert an emergency of the old or the weak to a related authority to lead a timely response.
Extension of wireless communication service	UAV-aided ubiquitous coverage [10–14]	UAVs provide seamless wireless coverage under an infrastructure damage or a natural disaster.
	UAV-aided relaying [10]	UAVs provide wireless connectivity between two distant users.
	UAV-aided information dissemination and collection [15–18]	UAVs disseminate (collect) delay-tolerant information to (from) a large number of distributed wireless devices.