UPPGHA: Uniform Privacy Preservation Group Handover Authentication Mechanism for mMTC in LTE-A Networks

Table 4

Comparison of related schemes.

Related schemes	Signaling cost	Communication cost
X2-based HO [7, 8]
Intra-MME HO [7, 8]
Inter-MME HO [7, 8]
X2-based HO [20]
Intra-MME HO [20]
Inter-MME HO [20]
[18]
[19]
[21]
Our scheme