BAVP: Blockchain-Based Access Verification Protocol in LEO Constellation Using IBE Keys

Table 2

Comparisons in authentication phase.

	Yoon et al.	BAVP: access	BAVP: fast-access	BAVP: handover
Hash operations	2/4	/1	/1	-/-/2
MAC operations	2/2	-	-	-
Symmetric operations	-	1/1	-/-	-/-/-
Asymmetric operations	-	1/1	1/1	-/-/-1
Signing operations	-	-/1	1/1	1/1/1
Signature verifications	-	1/1	1/1	1/-/2
Communication levels	2	1	1	1
Authentication center	NCC	None	None	None

means only needed for the first time while users can cache satellite public key afterwards; : means the side of user; means the side of satellite; : means the side of user; means the side of first satellite; means the side of second satellite.