Security and Communication Networks

Research Article

Secure and Efficient User Authentication Scheme Based on Password and Smart Card for Multiserver Environment

Table 3

Comparisons of computation efficiency with related works.


Computation party	Li et al. [47]	Pippal et al. [40]	Yeh [15]	Truong et al. [16]	Ours

User side
Server side
Total

Note. = the running time of one hash operation. = the running time of one XOR operation. = the running time of one point multiplication over elliptic curves group. = the running time of one point addition over elliptic curves group. = the running time of one modular exponentiation.